Enhancing the Productivity of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) Plants Using Some Organic and Bio Fertilizers Treatments

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Assiut Branch. Egypt

2 National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

3 Hort. Dep. Fac. of Agric., New Valley Univ., El-Kharga, Egypt

Abstract

This study, conducted on a private farm in Kuwait Village, El-Kharga New Valley Governorate, Egypt, over two seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024), investigated the effects of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) plants. The research aimed to improve yield productivity and quality. The study examined two organic fertilizers (poultry and cattle manure) and biofertilizers including a mixture of bacteria (Azotobacter chrococum, Azospirulm bracilianse, Bacillus polymaxa) and Azolla extract. Results showed that all treatments significantly improved plant growth characteristics, fruit yield, and volatile oil yield compared to untreated plants. The highest values for studied parameters were recorded with high-level poultry manure (10 m3/feddan). Combining the bacterial mixture with Azolla extract also proved effective. The interaction of organic and biofertilizers significantly affected all studied parameters, with the most effective treatment being high-level poultry manure combined with bacterial mixture and Azolla extract. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed 12 compounds in the fennel oil. The main chemical compounds (estragole, d-limonene, l-fenchone, and anethole) showed the highest percentages among volatile oil constituents. The study demonstrates the potential of organic and biofertilizers to enhance fennel growth, yield, and oil quality.

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